【作者】 杨意帆；

【导师】 邵锋；

【作者基本信息】 浙江农林大学 ， 风景园林学， 2023， 硕士

【摘要】 随着城市公园绿地的建设加快,景观模式化和植物同质化现象加剧。自然植被在城市中发挥的生态价值日益凸显,公众对自生植物的接受度也逐渐升高。需探索自生植物的生长与分布规律,合理应用于公园自然景观的营建中,增加生物多样性。为全面掌握影响自生植物生长和分布的关键因素,本研究以杭州江洋畈生态公园为主要研究对象,围绕时空变化对自生植物的组成特征及影响因子进行了具体研究。主要得到以下研究结论。(1)对杭州江洋畈生态公园的湿地区域进行为期近一年的调查,记录到秋冬季自生植物99种、春季100种和夏季117种。在各季节中,自生植物的优势科、物种来源、生活型和优势种均无明显差异。芦苇(Phragmites australis)、南美天胡荽(Hydrocotyle verticillata)、南川柳(Salix rosthornii)等5种自生植物是各季节的优势种。浮萍(Lemna minor)在秋冬季的相对重要值明显高于其他草本植物。夏季的多样性指数最高,木本自生植物多样性最高的时期是在秋冬季,草本自生植物则是在春季。(2)研究不同生境尺度中自生植物组成、多样性及分布格局时,划分出4类生境和6类微生境。不同生境和微生境类型的自生植物物种多样性和均匀度存在极显著差异(p<0.01)。自生植物的果实类型和种子传播方式是造成此现象的原因之一。草本自生植物均为聚集分布,灌木和乔木会出现均匀分布。在分析环境因子对自生植物多样性及分布的影响时发现,在两种生境尺度中,水深和坡向都是决定植物多样性和分布格局的关键因素。(3)将杭州江洋畈生态公园与相邻的玉皇山南基金小镇景区所包含3个公园进行比较,探讨不同公园环境特征对自生植物的影响。有11种自生植物在每个公园均有记录,其中天胡荽(Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides)、喜旱莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)和酢浆草(Oxalis corniculata)为高频种。多年生草本在四个公园中均占比最高,各公园中乡土自生植物占比较大且都较为相近。自生植物多样性由高到低排序为:江洋畈生态公园>白塔公园>八卦田遗址公园>海月水景公园。在16个公园特征因子中,有8个因子对自生多样性产生了显著影响。公园总体特征因子中,公园周长、实际可进入面积、公园面积和绿地总面积与自生植物多样性呈较强正相关;环境要素特征因子中,呈正相关的是绿地率和栽培植物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数,呈负相关的是水体数量、水域率和绿地破碎度。本研究通过多季节多对象的实地调研与记录,分析自生植物物种多样性与生境异质性,揭示其生长与分布规律及其对环境的适应特征。以期将自生植物合理应用于公园自然景观的营建中,增加生物多样性。为构建可持续、低维护的城市自然景观提供有益参考,助于城市生态环境的改善与修复。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the acceleration of the construction of urban park green space,the phenomenon of landscape modeling and plant homogenization has intensified.The ecological value of natural vegetation in cities is increasingly prominent The public’s acceptance of spontaneous plants has also gradually increased.It is necessary to explore the growth and distribution law of spontaneous plants,apply them to the construction of natural landscape in parks and increase biodiversity.In order to grasp the key factors affecting the growth and distribution of spontaneous plants,this study took Jiangyangfan Ecological Park as the main research object.The composition characteristics and influencing factors of spontaneous plants were studied in detail around temporal and spatial changes.The main conclusions were as follows.(1)The wetland area of Jiangyangfan Ecological Park was investigated for nearly one year.99 species of spontaneous plants were recorded in autumn and winter,100 species in spring and 117 species in summer.In each season,there were no obvious differences in dominant families,species sources,life forms and dominant species of spontaneous plants.Phragmites australis,Hydrocotyle verticillata and Salix rosthornii were the dominant species in each season.The relative importance of Lemna minor in autumn and winter was obviously higher than other herbs.The diversity index was the highest in summer.The highest in autumn and winter for woody plants,and in spring for herbaceous plants.(2)When studying the composition,diversity and distribution pattern of spontaneous plants in different habitat scales.4 types of habitats and 6 types of microhabitats were divided.There were significant differences in species diversity and evenness of spontaneous plants in different habitats and microhabitats(p<0.01).One of the reasons for this phenomenon was the fruit type and seed dispersal mode of spontaneous plants.Herbaceous plants were all clustered.Shrubs and arbors were evenly distributed.When analyzing the influence of environmental factors on the diversity and distribution of spontaneous plants,it was found that water depth and slope direction were the key factors to determine the diversity and distribution pattern of plants in two habitat scales.(3)Jiangyangfan Ecological Park in Hangzhou was compared with the 3 parks in the neighboring Yuhuang Shannan Fund Town Scenic Area.The effects of different park environmental characteristics on the spontaneous plants were discussed.11 species of spontaneous plants were recorded in each park,among which Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides,Alternanthera philoxeroides and Oxalis corniculata were high-frequency species.Perennial herbs account for the highest proportion in the four parks.Native plants account for a large proportion in each park and were all similar.From high to low,the order of the diversity of spontaneous plants was: Jiangyangfan Ecological Park>White Pagoda Park>Eight Diagrams Field Relic Park>Haiyue Waterscape Park.Among the16 park characteristic factors,8 factors had significant impacts on the spontaneous diversity.Among the overall characteristic factors of parks,the park perimeter,actual accessible area,park area and total green area were positively correlated with the diversity of spontaneous plants;Among the characteristic factors of environmental factors,the green space rate and Shannon-Wiener diversity index of cultivated plants were positively correlated,while the number of water bodies,water space rate and green space fragmentation were negatively correlated.Based on multi-season and multi-object field investigation and records,this study analyzed the species diversity and habitat heterogeneity of spontaneous plants,and revealed their growth and distribution laws and their adaptability to the environment.It is expected that spontaneous plants will be reasonably applied to the construction of natural landscape in parks to increase biodiversity.It provided a useful reference for building a sustainable and low-maintenance urban natural landscape and contributed to the improvement and restoration of the urban ecological environment.更多还原