【作者】 赵伟；

【导师】 贾强；

【作者基本信息】 塔里木大学 ， 农村发展（专业学位）， 2023， 硕士

【副题名】以新疆阿尔善村为例

【摘要】 乡村振兴战略明确提出要切实发挥农民在乡村振兴中的主体作用,农户作为农业生产和农村建设的主体,必须充分发挥农户的主体作用,提高农户自我发展能力,使农户生计具有可持续性。阿尔善村凭借乡村旅游谱写了乡村振兴新篇章,乡村旅游是阿尔善村农户参与乡村产业振兴的重要途径,一方面,农户通过参与乡村旅游提高生计资本,丰富生计手段,提高发展能力和增强生计稳定性,最终生计获得持续发展;另一方面,由于农户参与乡村旅游程度较浅,农户自身素质较低,参与乡村旅游方式有限,外部竞争压力加大,造成农户生计资本不仅没有得到提高,反而因为外部因素的影响出现下降的情况,导致农户生计结果恶化,生计不可持续,出现返贫现象,乡村环境恶化等消极影响,违背了乡村振兴的初衷。由此可见要想实现农户在乡村旅游中的可持续生计,就要正确引导农户参与到乡村旅游中,增强农户生计的稳定性和农户发展能力,从而促进农户可持续生计。阿尔善村于2020年入选第三批全国乡村旅游重点村、中国美丽休闲乡村。随着旅游业的蓬勃发展,阿尔善村人均收入实现连续四年稳步增长10%以上,其中旅游收入占到人均的34%,乡村旅游业成为阿尔善村富民产业发展的重要引擎。鉴于此,本研究选取新疆阿尔善村为案例地,以可持续生计理论为基础,对乡村旅游经营农户可持续生计能力影响因素进行分析,从而夯实农户主体地位,促进农户生计可持续发展。研究表明,阿尔善村旅游业发展迅速,当地农户生计类型多样,形成了以务工兼旅型、务农兼旅型、旅游主导型为主导的生计类型,通过熵值法对农户生计权重计算,不同生计类型农户生计资本得分依次为:务工兼旅型>旅游主导型>务农兼旅型;不同生计类型农户生计风险得分依次为:务农兼旅型>务工兼旅型>旅游主导型;不同生计类型农户可持续生计能力得分依次为:务工兼旅型>旅游主导型>务农兼旅型。通过多元线性回归分析不同生计类型农户可持续生计能力的影响因素,并构建中介效应模型分析生计资本能否通过中介变量生计风险对可持续生计能力产生影响。在对务工兼旅型农户可持续生计能力的影响因素中,自然资本、物质资本、人力资本和金融资本对农户可持续生计能力产生显著正向影响,其中人力资本和金融资本可以通过中介变量生计风险对务工兼旅型农户可持续生计能力产生影响。对务农兼旅型农户可持续生计能力的影响因素中,自然资本、物质资本、人力资本以及社会资本对农户可持续生计能力产生显著正向影响,自然资本和物质资本可以通过中介变量生计风险对务农兼旅型农户可持续生计能力产生影响。对旅游主导型农户可持续生计能力的影响因素中,自然资本、物质资本、人力资本以及社会资本对农户可持续生计能力产生显著正向影响,自然资本、物质资本和社会资本可以通过中介变量生计风险对旅游主导型农户可持续生计能力产生影响。根据研究结论与实地调研,从增强生计资本、降低生计风险和优化农户生计策略等方面提出改善对策。更多还原

【Abstract】 The rural revitalization strategy clearly puts forward the need to effectively play the main role of farmers in rural revitalization.As the main body of agricultural production and rural construction,farmers must give full play to their main role,improve their self-development capacity and make their livelihoods sustainable.On the one hand,through participation in rural tourism,farmers can improve their livelihood capital,enrich their means of livelihood,improve their development capacity and enhance their livelihood stability,so that their livelihoods can eventually be sustainable.On the other hand,due to the shallow level of participation in rural tourism,the low quality of the farmers themselves,the limited participation in rural tourism and the increased pressure of external competition,the livelihood capital of farmers is not only not improved,but also decreases due to external factors,resulting in the deterioration of farmers’ livelihood outcomes,unsustainable livelihoods,the return to poverty and the deterioration of the rural environment,which defeats the original purpose of rural revitalisation.This shows that in order to achieve sustainable livelihoods for farmers in rural tourism,it is necessary to properly guide farmers to participate in rural tourism,enhance the stability of farmers’ livelihoods and farmers’ development capacity,so as to promote sustainable livelihoods for farmers.Arshan Village was selected as the third batch of national rural tourism key villages and China’s beautiful leisure villages in 2020.With the booming development of tourism,the per capita income of Alshan Village has achieved a steady increase of more than 10% for four consecutive years,of which tourism income accounts for 34% of the per capita,and rural tourism has become an important engine for the development of people-rich industries in Alshan Village.In view of this,this study selects Alshan village in Xinjiang as a case study,and analyses the factors influencing the sustainable livelihoods of rural tourism households based on sustainable livelihoods theory,so as to consolidate the main position of farmers and promote sustainable development of their livelihoods.The study shows that the rapid development of tourism in Alshan village has resulted in a variety of livelihood types for local farming households,with the labour-cum-tourism type,the farming-cum-tourism type and the tourism-led type being the dominant livelihood types.The livelihood risk scores of different livelihood types are in the following order: farming and tourism > working and tourism > tourism-led;the sustainable livelihood capacity scores of different livelihood types are in the following order: working and tourism > tourism-led > farming and tourism.The factors influencing the sustainable livelihood capacity of different livelihood types were analysed through multiple linear regressions,and a mediating effect model was constructed to analyse whether livelihood capital could influence sustainable livelihood capacity through the mediating variable livelihood risk.Among the factors influencing the sustainable livelihood capacity of both working and travelling households,natural capital,physical capital,human capital and financial capital have a significant positive impact on the sustainable livelihood capacity of farming households,among which human capital and financial capital can influence the sustainable livelihood capacity of both working and travelling households through the mediating variable livelihood risk.Among the factors influencing the sustainable livelihood capacity of farming and tourism households,natural capital,physical capital,human capital and social capital have a significant positive impact on the sustainable livelihood capacity of farming and tourism households,with natural capital and physical capital influencing the sustainable livelihood capacity of farming and tourism households through the mediating variable of livelihood risk.Among the factors influencing the sustainable livelihood capacity of tourism-led households,natural capital,physical capital,human capital and social capital have a significant positive impact on the sustainable livelihood capacity of farming households,and natural capital,physical capital and social capital can influence the sustainable livelihood capacity of tourism-led farming households through the mediating variable of livelihood risk.Based on the findings of the study and field research,countermeasures for improvement are proposed in terms of enhancing livelihood capital,reducing livelihood risks and optimising farmers’ livelihood strategies.更多还原